// Copyright (c) 2018-2023, Sylabs Inc. All rights reserved.
// This software is licensed under a 3-clause BSD license. Please consult the
// LICENSE.md file distributed with the sources of this project regarding your
// rights to use or distribute this software.

// Package cache provides support for caching SIF, OCI, SHUB images and any OCI layers used to build them
package cache

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"os"
	"path"
	"path/filepath"
	"strconv"
	"time"

	v1 "github.com/google/go-containerregistry/pkg/v1"
	"github.com/google/go-containerregistry/pkg/v1/empty"
	"github.com/google/go-containerregistry/pkg/v1/layout"
	"github.com/sylabs/singularity/v4/internal/pkg/util/fs"
	"github.com/sylabs/singularity/v4/pkg/syfs"
	"github.com/sylabs/singularity/v4/pkg/sylog"
)

var (
	errInvalidCacheType = errors.New("invalid cache type")
	errCacheDisabled    = errors.New("cache is disabled")
)

const (
	// DirEnv specifies the environment variable which can set the directory
	// for image downloads to be cached in
	DirEnv = "SINGULARITY_CACHEDIR"
	// DisableEnv specifies whether the image should be used
	DisableEnv = "SINGULARITY_DISABLE_CACHE"
	// SubDirName specifies the name of the directory relative to the
	// ParentDir specified when the cache is created.
	// By default the cache will be placed at "~/.singularity/cache" which
	// will not clash with any 2.x cache directory.
	SubDirName = "cache"

	// LibraryCacheType specifies the cache holds SIF images pulled from the library
	LibraryCacheType = "library"
	// OciTempCacheType specifies the cache holds SIF images created from OCI sources
	OciTempCacheType = "oci-tmp"
	// ShubCacheType specifies the cache holds images pulled from Singularity Hub
	ShubCacheType = "shub"
	// OrasCacheType specifies the cache holds SIF images pulled from Oras sources
	OrasCacheType = "oras"
	// NetCacheType specifies the cache holds images pulled from http(s) internet sources
	NetCacheType = "net"
	// OciSifCachetType specifies cache holds OCI-SIF conversions of OCI sources.
	OciSifCacheType = "oci-sif"

	// OciBlobCacheType specifies the cache holds OCI blobs (layers) pulled from OCI sources
	OciBlobCacheType = "blob"
)

var (
	// FileCacheTypes lists the file cache types, that store SIF or other single file images named by their hash.
	FileCacheTypes = []string{
		LibraryCacheType,
		OciTempCacheType,
		ShubCacheType,
		OrasCacheType,
		NetCacheType,
		OciSifCacheType,
	}
	// OciCacheTypes lists the OCI layout cache types, that store OCI blob content in a single OCI layout directory.
	OciCacheTypes = []string{
		OciBlobCacheType,
	}
	// AllCacheTypes lists both file and OCI layout cache types.
	AllCacheTypes = append(FileCacheTypes, OciCacheTypes...)
)

// Config describes the requested configuration requested when a new handle is created,
// as defined by the user through command flags and environment variables.
type Config struct {
	// ParentDir specifies the location where the user wants the cache to be created.
	ParentDir string
	// Disable specifies whether the user request the cache to be disabled by default.
	Disable bool
}

// Handle is an structure representing the image cache, it's location and subdirectories
type Handle struct {
	// parentDir is the parent of the cache root. This is the directory that is supplied
	// when initializing the cache
	parentDir string
	// rootDir is the cache root directory, and is inside parentDir. This is the
	// directory Singularity actually manages, i.e., that can safely be
	// deleted as opposed to the parent directory that is potentially managed
	// (passed in) by the user.
	rootDir string
	// If the cache is disabled
	disabled bool
}

func (h *Handle) GetFileCacheDir(cacheType string) (cacheDir string, err error) {
	if !stringInSlice(cacheType, FileCacheTypes) {
		return "", errInvalidCacheType
	}
	return h.getCacheTypeDir(cacheType), nil
}

func (h *Handle) GetOciCacheDir(cacheType string) (cacheDir string, err error) {
	if !stringInSlice(cacheType, OciCacheTypes) {
		return "", errInvalidCacheType
	}
	return h.getCacheTypeDir(cacheType), nil
}

func (h *Handle) GetOciCacheBlob(cacheType string, blobDigest v1.Hash) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
	if h.disabled {
		return nil, errCacheDisabled
	}
	layoutDir, err := h.GetOciCacheDir(cacheType)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	hash, err := v1.NewHash(blobDigest.String())
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	layout, err := layout.FromPath(layoutDir)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return layout.Blob(hash)
}

func (h *Handle) PutOciCacheBlob(cacheType string, blobDigest v1.Hash, r io.ReadCloser) (err error) {
	if h.disabled {
		return errCacheDisabled
	}
	layoutDir, err := h.GetOciCacheDir(cacheType)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	hash, err := v1.NewHash(blobDigest.String())
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	layout, err := layout.FromPath(layoutDir)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return layout.WriteBlob(hash, r)
}

// GetEntry returns a cache Entry for a specified file cache type and hash
func (h *Handle) GetEntry(cacheType string, hash string) (e *Entry, err error) {
	if h.disabled {
		return nil, nil
	}

	e = &Entry{}

	cacheDir, err := h.GetFileCacheDir(cacheType)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot get '%s' cache directory: %v", cacheType, err)
	}

	e.Path = filepath.Join(cacheDir, hash)

	// If there is a directory it's from an older version of Singularity
	// We need to remove it as we work with single files per hash only now
	if fs.IsDir(e.Path) {
		sylog.Debugf("Removing old cache directory: %s", e.Path)
		err := os.RemoveAll(e.Path)
		// Allow IsNotExist in case a concurrent process already removed it
		if err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not remove old cache directory '%s': %v", e.Path, err)
		}
	}

	// If there is no existing file return an entry with a TmpPath for the caller
	// to use and then Finalize
	pathExists, err := fs.PathExists(e.Path)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not check for cache entry '%s': %v", e.Path, err)
	}

	if !pathExists {
		e.Exists = false
		f, err := fs.MakeTmpFile(cacheDir, "tmp_", 0o700)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		err = f.Close()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		e.TmpPath = f.Name()
		return e, nil
	}

	// Double check that there isn't something else weird there
	if !fs.IsFile(e.Path) {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("path '%s' exists but is not a file", e.Path)
	}

	// It exists in the cache and it's a file. Caller can use the Path directly
	e.Exists = true
	return e, nil
}

func (h *Handle) CleanCache(cacheType string, dryRun bool, days int) (err error) {
	dir := h.getCacheTypeDir(cacheType)

	files, err := os.ReadDir(dir)
	if (err != nil && os.IsNotExist(err)) || len(files) == 0 {
		sylog.Infof("No cached files to remove at %s", dir)
		return nil
	}

	errCount := 0
	for _, f := range files {
		if days >= 0 {
			fi, err := f.Info()
			if err != nil {
				sylog.Errorf("Could not get info for cache entry '%s': %v", f.Name(), err)
				errCount = errCount + 1
				continue
			}

			if time.Since(fi.ModTime()) < time.Duration(days*24)*time.Hour {
				sylog.Debugf("Skipping %s: less that %d days old", f.Name(), days)
				continue
			}
		}

		sylog.Infof("Removing %s cache entry: %s", cacheType, f.Name())
		if !dryRun {
			// We RemoveAll in case the entry is a directory from Singularity <3.6
			err := os.RemoveAll(path.Join(dir, f.Name()))
			if err != nil {
				sylog.Errorf("Could not remove cache entry '%s': %v", f.Name(), err)
				errCount = errCount + 1
			}
		}
	}

	if errCount > 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove %d cache entries", errCount)
	}

	return err
}

// IsDisabled returns true if the cache is disabled
func (h *Handle) IsDisabled() bool {
	return h.disabled
}

// Return the directory for a specific CacheType
func (h *Handle) getCacheTypeDir(cacheType string) string {
	return path.Join(h.rootDir, cacheType)
}

// New initializes a cache within the directory specified in Config.ParentDir
func New(cfg Config) (h *Handle, err error) {
	h = new(Handle)

	// Check whether the cache is disabled by the user.
	// strconv.ParseBool("") raises an error so we cannot directly use strconv.ParseBool(os.Getenv(DisableEnv))
	envCacheDisabled := os.Getenv(DisableEnv)
	if envCacheDisabled == "" {
		envCacheDisabled = "0"
	}

	// We check if the environment variable to disable the cache is set
	cacheDisabled, err := strconv.ParseBool(envCacheDisabled)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse environment variable %s: %s", DisableEnv, err)
	}
	// If the cache is not already disabled, we check if the configuration that was passed in
	// request the cache to be disabled
	if cacheDisabled || cfg.Disable {
		h.disabled = true
	}
	// If the cache is disabled, we stop here. Basically we return a valid handle that is not fully initialized
	// since it would create the directories required by an enabled cache.
	if h.disabled {
		return h, nil
	}

	// cfg is what is requested so we should not change any value that it contains
	parentDir := cfg.ParentDir
	if parentDir == "" {
		parentDir = getCacheParentDir()
	}
	h.parentDir = parentDir

	// If we can't access the parent of the cache directory then don't use the
	// cache.
	ep, err := fs.FirstExistingParent(parentDir)
	if err != nil {
		sylog.Warningf("Cache disabled - cannot access parent directory of cache: %s.", err)
		h.disabled = true
		return h, nil
	}

	// We check if we can write to the basedir or its first existing parent,
	// if not we disable the caching mechanism
	if !fs.IsWritable(ep) {
		sylog.Warningf("Cache disabled - cache location %s is not writable.", ep)
		h.disabled = true
		return h, nil
	}

	// Initialize the root directory of the cache
	rootDir := path.Join(parentDir, SubDirName)
	h.rootDir = rootDir
	if err = initCacheDir(rootDir); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed initializing cache root directory: %s", err)
	}
	// Initialize the subdirectories of the cache
	for _, ct := range AllCacheTypes {
		dir := h.getCacheTypeDir(ct)
		if err = initCacheDir(dir); err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed initializing %s cache directory: %s", ct, err)
		}
		if stringInSlice(ct, OciCacheTypes) {
			if err = initLayout(dir); err != nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed initializing %s cache oci layout: %s", ct, err)
			}
		}
	}

	return h, nil
}

// getCacheParentDir figures out where the parent directory of the cache is.
//
// Singularity makes the following assumptions:
//   - the default location for caches is specified by RootDefault
//   - a user can specify the environment variable specified by DirEnv to
//     change the location
//   - a user can change the location of a cache at any time
//   - but in the context of a Singularity command, the cache location
//     cannot change once the command starts executing
func getCacheParentDir() string {
	// If the user defined the special environment variable, we use its value
	// as base directory.
	parentDir := os.Getenv(DirEnv)
	if parentDir != "" {
		return parentDir
	}

	// If the environment variable is not set, we use the default cache.
	sylog.Debugf("environment variable %s not set, using default image cache", DirEnv)
	parentDir = syfs.ConfigDir()

	return parentDir
}

func initCacheDir(dir string) error {
	if fi, err := os.Stat(dir); os.IsNotExist(err) {
		sylog.Debugf("Creating cache directory: %s", dir)
		if err := fs.MkdirAll(dir, 0o700); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't create cache directory %v: %v", dir, err)
		}
	} else if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to stat %s: %s", dir, err)
	} else if fi.Mode().Perm() != 0o700 {
		// enforce permission on cache directory to prevent
		// potential information leak
		if err := os.Chmod(dir, 0o700); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't enforce permission 0700 on %s: %s", dir, err)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func initLayout(dir string) error {
	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir, "index.json")); os.IsNotExist(err) {
		sylog.Debugf("Creating cache OCI layout: %s", dir)
		_, err := layout.Write(dir, empty.Index)
		return err
	}
	return nil
}

func stringInSlice(a string, list []string) bool {
	for _, b := range list {
		if b == a {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}